Condensation

Filtration; Solid + liquid 

Evaporation; Liquid ( solid dissolved in liquid ) - solid

Distillation; Liquid ( solid dissolved in liquid ) gas - liquid solid 

What is

- Evaporation; heating a liquid, turns to a gas 

- condensation; cooling down a gas, turn into a liquid.

Aim   to separate a solution from a solvent a solution using distillation

Equipment;  A solution of saltwater, conical flask, heatproof mat, a delivery tube and bung, Bunsen burner, tripod, gauze mat, retort stand, boss head and clam, boiling tube. 

Method;

1.  set up the equipment as shown in the diagram.
2. Add approximately 50 ml of saltwater to your conical flack 
3. Light your Bunsen burner. Open the air hole and gently push the Bunsen burner under the tripod.
4. Heat the solution until most of the solvent has been evaporated. Turn off your Bunsen burner  

 

Filtration Experiment

1. We made a mixture 

        - copper sulfate

          sodium carbonate 

        

        - copper sulfate = blue see through 

        - sodium carbonate - clear / no colour 

- mixture - blue, cant see through 

we got a paper, and poured the mixture through the paper 

- the liquid made was clear 

there was blue solid on the filter paper.

Solvent - thing doing the dissolving ( liquid )

Solute - thing being dissolving ( solid )

Solution - a mixture that is formed.

Filtration - separates particles based on size

Filtrate - liquid after it has been filtered 

Mixture - 2 or most substances together 

Solubility - Ability to dissolve 

Mixing Dissolving

                                 Mixing + Dissolving  

what is a mixture.

A mixture is a substance made by combining two or more different materials in such a way chemical reaction occurs. A mixture can usually separated back into its original components.

Question

What factors affect dissolving?

solubility is the maximum amount of a substance that will dissolving in a given amount of solvent a specific temperature. there are two direct factors that affect solubility of both solids and gases, but pressure only affects the solubility of gases.

 

Method 

1. 50ml cold water + 1 spatula sugar = mixed 

2. 50ml hot water + 1 spatular sugar = stirred 

3. 50ml not water + 1 spatular sugar = no stirred 

3 50ml cold water + 1 spatular sugar = no stirred  

Result 

1	2	3	4
60 sec	27 sec	120 sec	35 sec
120 sec	14 sec	27 sec	240 sec
51 sec	25	65 sec	92 sec
37 sec	20	100 sec	101 sec
60 sec	15	126	15 sec
125 sec	31	112	Total. 622
37 sec	21	Total. 590	Average 1244
Total. 490	Total. 213	Average 98
Average 70	Average 27

conclusion

when your stir a spoonful of sugar into a glass of water, your are forming a solution. this type of liquid solution is composed of a solid solute, which is the sugar, and a liquid solvent, which is the water. As the sugar molecules spread evenly throughout the water, the sugar dissolving.